It's getting harder and harder to deny that there is a worker shortage in the U.S. construction industry.

An industry-wide survey released Aug. 29 by the Associated General Contractors and Autodesk found that 70 percent of the nation's construction firms are having a hard time "filling hourly craft positions that represent the bulk of the construction workforce." 

AGC officials said that many firms are changing the way they operate, recruit and compensate, but cautioned that "chronic labor shortages could have significant economic impacts absent greater investments in career and technical education."

"In the short-term, fewer firms will be able to bid on construction projects if they are concerned they will not have enough workers to meet demand," said Stephen Sandherr, CEO for the Associated General Contractors.  "Over the long-term, either construction firms will find a way to do more with fewer workers or public officials will take steps to encourage more people to pursue careers in construction."

Of the more than 1,600 survey respondents, 70 percent said they are having difficulty filling hourly craft positions, Sandherr noted. Craft worker shortages are the most severe in the West, where 75 percent of contractors are having a hard time filling those positions, followed by the Midwest where 72 percent are having a hard time finding craft workers; 70 percent in the South and 63 percent in the Northeast.

The Associated General Contractors is comprised of both union and nonunion firms, and survey results will reflect that mix. But for the unionized industry, in May, the Association of Union Constructors released its annual survey of its industry participants, finding a lower, but still significant percentage of contractors reporting a worker shortage. 

"A growing shortage of union craft workers" is evident, the TAUC said, with workforce deficits greater this year than last year. On average, 45 percent of union-respondents said there had been a union craft worker shortage in their organization in 2016 and 17 percent said there had been a surplus. For 2017, 49 percent of the respondents said they expected a worker shortage, with nearly one-fifth of them expecting a "large shortage." On average, only 15 percent of respondents expect to see a craft personnel surplus in 2017.

The labor shortages come as demand for construction continues to grow.  The AGC's Sandherr said that construction employment expanded in 258 out of 358 metro areas that the association tracks between July 2016 and July 2017, according to a new analysis of federal construction employment data the association also released on Aug. 29. Growing demand for construction workers, they said, helps explain why 67 percent of firms report it will continue to be hard, or get harder, to find hourly craft workers this year.

Tight labor market conditions are prompting firms to change the way they operate, recruit and compensate workers, Sandherr said.  Most firms report they are making a special effort to recruit and retain veterans (79 percent); women (70 percent) and African Americans (64 percent).  Meanwhile, half of construction firms report increasing base pay rates for craft workers because of the difficulty in filling positions.  Twenty percent have improved employee benefits for craft workers and 24 percent report they are providing incentives and bonuses to attract workers.

Forty-six percent of firms also report they are doing more in-house training to cope with workforce shortages while 47 percent report they are increasing overtime hours and 41 percent are increasing their use of subcontractors.  In addition, 22 percent report they are increasing their use of labor-saving equipment, 11 percent are using offsite prefabrication and 7 percent are using virtual construction methods like Building Information Modeling.

"The ongoing labor drought continues to put pressure on the already high-risk, low-margin construction industry," said Sarah Hodges, director of the construction business line at Autodesk, a leading 3D design, engineering and construction software firm. "As labor challenges continue to grow, technology will play an increasingly important role supporting the existing workforce while inspiring the next generation of industry professionals."